White supremacists with X Premium accounts are seizing on the Israel-Hamas conflict to amplify antisemitism, Islamophobia, and broader anti-immigrant hate narratives on the platform, according to a new investigation by the Tech Transparency Project (TTP) that highlights how X is allowing paid subscribers to spread content that violates its own policies.

Shortly after taking ownership of the platform, then known as Twitter, in October 2022, Elon Musk declared an amnesty for previously suspended accounts, resulting in the re-emergence of a number of prominent white supremacists and conspiracy theorists on the platform. Some of these accounts took advantage of Musk’s new pay-to-play verification system to get a blue checkmark on their profiles.

Now, TTP has found that dozens of X Premium accounts associated with white supremacist ideology are using the Israel-Hamas conflict to spread hateful messages about Jewish and Muslim people as well as immigrants—content that often violates X’s own hate speech policies. As premium subscribers, these users have access to a variety of perks, including, in some cases, an algorithmic boost on X.

X is hosting this activity at a time when FBI Director Christopher Wray has warned that antisemitism in the U.S. is reaching historic levels and the Council on American-Islamic Relations has reported a sharp jump in reports of anti-Muslim bias incidents and requests for help.

The findings show how X, which has shown a tolerance for white supremacists on the platform and profited from their paid subscriptions, is allowing such accounts to capitalize on the surge of attention on the Israel-Hamas conflict to stoke their hateful ideologies.

Asked for comment on TTP's findings, X's press email sent back an automated reply that said, "Busy now, please check back later."

For this study, TTP compiled a set of terms commonly used by white supremacists in social media profiles to help them identify one another. These terms have come up repeatedly in TTP’s research on hate groups and hate content on the major tech platforms.

The terms were “white pride,” “Europa,” “white male,” “white lives matter,” “nationalist,” “white national,” “western civilization,” “invasion,” “groyp” (short for Groyper Army, referring to followers of white supremacist Nick Fuentes), and “anti-white.”

TTP typed each term into the search bar on X, filtered the results by the “people” tab, and examined accounts that featured a blue checkmark indicating they are X Premium subscribers. (Some premium accounts have the ability to hide their checkmarks, making them impossible to identify as paid subscribers.)

Researchers then confirmed whether the accounts are linked to white supremacist ideology, examined their posts related to the Israel-Hamas conflict, and determined if the posts violated X policies on hate speech.

X says that premium subscribers, like other X users, must adhere to the company’s terms of service, including its rules and policies that ban hateful conduct. The hateful conduct policy states, “You may not directly attack other people on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, caste, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, religious affiliation, age, disability, or serious disease.”

TTP found multiple X Premium accounts tying the Israel-Hamas conflict to the “Great Replacement” conspiracy theory, which sees a plot to systematically replace white-majority populations with non-white immigrants. Many white supremacists say Jews are organizing this supposed plot. The conspiracy theory has inspired a number of mass shooters in recent years, and has been linked to attacks on Muslim, Jewish, and Black communities.

One X Premium account with the handle @UltraPatriot44—which describes itself as a “White Ultra National” and has a profile image of a skull and crossbones over an Iron Cross, a Nazi-linked hate symbol favored by white supremacists—echoed Great Replacement concepts in an Oct. 13 post about the Israeli military campaign against Hamas.

This violates X’s hateful conduct policy, which prohibits “inciting fear or spreading fearful stereotypes about a protected category” such as racial, ethnic, and religious groups.

The @UltraPatriot44 account promoted the conspiracy theory again on Oct. 25, writing, “The Jews are importing Muslims in to our Nations and the Muslims despise you as much as the Jews do. … While the Jews and the Muslims argue for their own Ethnostates, we are being deprived of having one.” The post referred to Jews and Muslims as  “culture parasites” and a “cancer,” another violation of X’s hateful conduct policy, which prohibits dehumanization of a group of people based on their religion, national origin, race, or ethnicity.

Two days later, the account shared a post by the Israeli Ambassador to Poland, about a demonstration calling on Hamas to release Israeli hostages, writing, “Get the f*ck out! Leave Europe immediately! And take the blacks and Muslims with you.”

The @UltraPatriot44 account also used the conflict as a recruiting tool. On Nov. 3, it posted a call for people to join Active Clubs, a network of white supremacist fight clubs. “As the Arabs and Jews duke it out, We must be prepared to defend our White nations. Our enemies won't win the war for us!”

Another X Premium account called MAKE EUROPA SNOW—which has more than 19,000 followers, condemns race mixing, and warns about “white genocide”—has pushed Great Replacement ideas in the context of the Israel-Hamas conflict.

When the chairman of Britain First, a far-right, anti-Muslim, anti-immigrant political party in the U.K., shared a video of a pro-Israel march in London on Oct. 12, the @makeeuropasnow account admonished the chairman to “Open your eyes,” telling her to think about “who allowed the muslims into our White Nations in the first place.” This is a reference to the white supremacist belief that Jews are orchestrating the replacement of white majorities. The account added that Israel and Palestine “BOTH destroyed our White Nations."

These conspiracy-laced comments violate X policy against “inciting fear or spreading fearful stereotypes about a protected category.”

In a Nov. 1 post, @makeeuropasnow wrote that Israel “has all the power, control and manipulation of majority White Nations,” a statement that reflects the antisemitic myth that Jews hold too much power and control key institutions. In the same post, the account said “the other side”—followed by a Palestinian flag—are “are p3dos, r@pists and are mass invading our White Nations trying to bring in white sharia law.” That last point reflects the Islamophobic trope that Muslims want to bring Sharia law to western countries.  

The post included two images: one that showed an old man in a Middle Eastern head covering standing behind a child bride, and another that showed a Jewish man holding money and smiling while standing in front of a boat of dark-skinned migrants—a depiction of the white supremacist belief that Jews are orchestrating the Great Replacement of white populations. The post, which violated X’s hateful conduct policy in multiple ways, has received more than 16,000 views.

A few days later, the @makeeuropasnow account referred to Israel as “the noses,” an antisemitic stereotype about Jewish facial features, and called them “our biggest threat,” while adding that “muslims are STILL one of our biggest enemies and still a threat to our White Race and Nations.” The post continued on in that vein, concluding that “showing support on either side is not a good idea and it's again WHITE GENØCIDE for our White Race!” In three days, the post accumulated more than 18,000 views.

On Oct. 8, an X Premium account with more than 174,000 followers called @AntiWhiteWatch1, which is dedicated to “documenting and compiling data on violence, hate, discrimination and bigotry directed at #ethnicEuropeans,” commented on a post suggesting that Gaza should be destroyed and all Palestinian Arabs should be sent to Europe.

This is a reference to the conspiracy theory that “globalists”—a codeword for Jews—are behind an effort to flood white-majority western countries with non-white immigrants. The post has racked up roughly 21,000 views.

The @AntiWhiteWatch1 account has pushed the Great Replacement theory repeatedly when posting about the war in the Middle East. On Nov. 6, the account, reacting to a claim that Israel was planning the relocation of Gazans, wrote that “Israel wants to force it problems on #ethnicEuropean Nations,” asking “how is this different from what globalist zionists have been seeking to do for over 100 years?”

The Nov. 6 post featured advertising in its replies, an ad format that X rolled out in 2021 as a way to monetize “tweet conversations.” X’s new tiered subscription options let premium accounts receive a share of the revenue from ads displayed in the replies.

The Daily Beast has described Anti-White Watch as an effort to “collect and spin stories of violence perpetrated by non-white people to gin up a sense of white peril.” The Anti-White Watch website, which the X account links in its bio, is down but says it is “returning soon.”

TTP also identified an X Premium account with the handle @MartinezPolitix that makes Islamophobic comments related to the Israel-Hamas conflict. The account appears to belong to Canadian Brandon Martinez, who’s been described as a racist and neo-Nazi troll.

On Oct. 13, the account posted a link to a Martinez video stream about the Israel-Hamas conflict and listed one of the show’s topics as “Muslim animals rampage through European streets in support of Hamas,” a reference to pro-Palestinian protests. Describing Muslims as animals violates X’s hateful conduct policy, which prohibits “dehumanization” and “content that intends to degrade or reinforce negative or harmful stereotypes about a protected category.” Another X policy prohibits linking to off-platform websites that feature hateful content. (The same post linked to a site where people can pay to send a message to the Martinez show.)

In another Oct. 14 post, the account posted a video of a “UK Muslim” speaking at a protest, with the message, “These are the types of people that end up killing and raping White children. Send them all back.” The post, which included the hashtags #Israel #Palestine #Islam #Gaza, violates X’s hateful conduct policy against “inciting fear or spreading fearful stereotypes about a protected category.”

Two weeks later, the account shared a video of a large pro-Palestinian rally in Rome with the message, “Europe is occupied. The Islamic conquest is well underway.” The post was monetized with an ad in the reply section.

TTP’s investigation also surfaced an X Premium account called @amerinat007—which describes itself as “American Nationalist” and states “Mass immigration is ethnic cleansing” in its bio—using the war in the Middle East to push elements of the Great Replacement theory and anti-Muslim rhetoric.

On Oct. 14, commenting on a video of a pro-Palestinian protest in London, the account wrote, “They said Islamization of Europe is fear-mongering, they lied. They said mass replacement of ethnic Europeans/Whites was a conspiracy theory, they lied.” These statements draw on the Islamophobic trope that Muslims want to impose their religious laws on the West and conspiratorial ideas about a plot to weaken white ethnic majorities in western countries through mass immigration.

That same day, the @amerinat007 account, responding to a video about a Scottish politician whose family was stuck in Gaza, wrote, “Who cares? These people are worse than Jews. There [sic] goal is to colonize and islamize [sic] Europe.”

These posts also appear to violate X’s policy against “inciting fear or spreading fearful stereotypes about a protected category.”

The X Premium account @WLMCalifornia, short for White Lives Matter California, riffed off the Israel-Hamas conflict to mock Jewish people. The account, which has nearly 12,000 followers, appears to be part of the larger White Lives Matter movement, a white supremacist network that engages in “pro-white activism.”

On Oct. 10, the account posted, “Never forget the 6 million beheaded babies," which appears to tie the unverified claim that Hamas militants beheaded Israeli babies to the six million Jews killed in the Holocaust. The post featured a chart of media executives and news organizations titled, “EVERY SINGLE ASPECT OF THE MEDIA IS JEWISH," which promoted the longstanding myth that Jews control the media. This violates X policy against “spreading fearful stereotypes” of a racial, ethnic, or religious group. The chart also plugged GoyimTV, a video streaming platform run by the antisemitic Goyim Defense League.

Less than two weeks later, @WLMCalifornia posted a video of members of NatSoc Florida, a small neo-Nazi group, holding a protest against America’s role in the Middle East war. The video featured the text “AMERICA AND PALESTINE SHARE A SIMILAR FATE ... REPLACEMENT,” an apparent reference to the Great Replacement theory about a plot to replace white majorities with non-white immigrants. The video, which promoted NatSoc Florida’s activities and showed the logo and web address of the group, appeared to be aimed at recruiting new members.

TTP also found several X Premium accounts linked to the Groyper Army—the name for supporters of white supremacist podcaster Nick Fuentes—making antisemitic posts related to the conflict.

On Oct. 10, one account called @groypergreen07 commented on a post by conservative commentator Ben Shapiro, writing, “All the Jews are hyperbolizing this war’s atrocities like they did with the fictional Holocaust.”

On Oct. 12, the @groypergreen07 account posted an image of group of Jewish men with red eyes surrounding a baby laying on a star of David, with the message, “They cry about murdered babies, yet celebrate abortion as a sacrament.” The “murdered babies” appears to refer to reports of Hamas atrocities, while the image of red-eyed Jewish men with predatory stares echoes centuries-old “blood libel” claims that Jews murder Christian children to use their blood for ritual purposes.

This content appears to violate X’s hateful conduct policy, which prohibits “images whose purpose is to promote hostility and malice against others based on their race, religion” or other factors.

Another account with the handle @Classicsgroyp shared a video clip of Fuentes, with the message that right- and left-wing “Jewish media” are “joined in perfect synergy” and “salivating for war and control.” The message continued, “Nick Fuentes was right. Jewry is the problem, not its factions,” and ended with the hashtags #Gaza, #GazaBoming, #GazaGenocide, and #Israel. The video shows Fuentes ranting that “Zionist Jews have so much power in western countries.” This post and video tap into the myth of Jewish control of the news media.

Notably, Fuentes himself has been suspended from X for months, but the X Premium “groyper” accounts are freely sharing clips of his antisemitic commentary. The clip posted by @classicsgroyp has tens of thousands of views.

The @Classicsgroyp account accumulated followers at a rapid clip in October. On Oct.  31, the account boasted that it had reached 10,000 followers, saying, “The groyper nation only grows stronger.” A post from three weeks earlier—on Oct. 9, two days after the Hamas attack on Israel—put the follower count at 3,500.

Posts from @Classicsgroyp that include Nick Fuentes clips regularly gain tens and even hundreds of thousands of views on X, and some are monetized with ads in the replies. One Oct. 15 post of a Fuentes clip, which @Classicsgroyp claimed that X had previously made him delete “for violating hateful conduct,” has over 200,000 views, 1,500 “likes,” and has been shared over 560 times. It is also monetized with an ad.

Under the new X Premium tiered subscription, X says users can “Receive a share of the revenue generated from verified accounts’ organic impressions of ads displayed in the replies of content you post on X.”

Another X Premium subscriber using the handle @Blutkampf1 (“blood fight” in German)—which lists “White Pride” in its bio and regularly posts antisemitic memes and videos—has tied protests over the Israel-Hamas conflict to the conspiracy theory that Jews are orchestrating mass immigration to replace whites.

In one thread posted on Oct. 17, @Blutkampf1 shared a video of a pro-Palestinian rally in Greece with a lengthy rant about “Jewish prophecies” that Europe will be destroyed by Islam. He said Jews “work very hard to fulfill those prophecies” and warned, “Yes, Europeans: You are being phased out.” (X Premium accounts get the ability to write longer posts as a subscription feature.) The thread included an image of a flyer from the Goyim Defense League claiming that “EVERY SINGLE ASPECT OF MASS MIGRATION IS JEWISH.”

This thread appears to violate multiple aspects of X’s hateful conduct policy, including “inciting fear or spreading fearful stereotypes about a protected category,” and using hateful imagery.

X has shown a tolerance for white supremacists on its site. As TTP’s new research shows, some white supremacist accounts—which pay X for a blue checkmark and premium service—are seizing on the Israel-Hamas conflict to spread their ideologies of antisemitism, Islamophobia, and anti-immigrant hate. This violates X’s hate speech policies.

With X rolling out new subscription tiers for premium users, extremist accounts will have even more options to disseminate their hateful ideas.